Examining the Relationship Between Sleep Macrostructure Parameters and Sleep Efficiency in Healthy Adults

Abstract

Sleep efficiency (SE) is a critical indicator of sleep quality and is associated with various health outcomes, including cognitive performance and mood regulation. This study investigates the relationship between sleep macrostructure parameters—total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and rapid eye movement latency (REML)—and SE in a sample of 29 healthy adults. Using high-density polysomnographic data, we identified key predictors of SE through multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that TST is positively associated with SE (r = 0.76, p $<$ 0.05), while both SOL (r = -0.33, p $<$ 0.05) and WASO (r = -0.73, p $<$ 0.05) are negatively correlated with SE. REML, however, did not show a significant relationship with SE. Regression diagnostics, including variance inflation factor (VIF) analysis and Q-Q plots, supported the validity of the model, with no severe multicollinearity detected after removing highly correlated predictors (Sex and Age). This research enhances our understanding of the key determinants of sleep efficiency in healthy adults and provides a foundation for future studies examining clinical populations. The findings have implications for sleep medicine, behavioral interventions, and the development of personalized sleep improvement strategies.